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Related Concept Videos

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action01:18

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex, leading to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

An Efficient and Rapid HPLC-QQQ-MS Method for the Quantitation of Tropane Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants
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Published on: June 12, 2026

Indole Alkaloids from Quassia amara.

P Barbetti1, G Grandolini, G Fardella

  • 1Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tecnica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.

Planta Medica
|June 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Three novel beta-carboline alkaloids were identified in QUASSIA AMARA L. wood. Their structures were elucidated using spectral and chemical analysis, expanding knowledge of plant-derived compounds.

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Published on: January 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Quassia Amara L. (Simarubaceae) is a plant species with a history of traditional use.
  • The chemical constituents of Quassia Amara L. are not fully characterized.
  • Beta-carboline alkaloids represent a class of natural products with diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and identify new beta-carboline alkaloids from the wood of Quassia Amara L.
  • To determine the chemical structures of the isolated compounds.
  • To contribute to the phytochemical knowledge of the Simarubaceae family.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of compounds from the wood of Quassia Amara L.
  • Isolation of alkaloids using chromatographic techniques.
  • Structure elucidation through comprehensive spectral analysis (e.g., NMR, MS) and chemical reactions.

Main Results:

  • Three beta-carboline alkaloids were isolated for the first time from Quassia Amara L. wood.
  • The identified compounds are 1-vinyl-4,8-dimethoxy-beta-carboline (1), 1-methoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline (2), and 3-methylcantin-2,6-dione (3).
  • The structures were confirmed by spectral and chemical evidence.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified three previously unknown beta-carboline alkaloids in Quassia Amara L.
  • This finding expands the known phytochemical profile of Quassia Amara L. and the Simarubaceae family.
  • The isolated compounds represent new chemical entities for further investigation into their potential properties.