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Related Concept Videos

Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons01:26

Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons

Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to physical or...
Microbial Wastewater Treatment01:30

Microbial Wastewater Treatment

Microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems play a key role in the natural breakdown of contaminants introduced through domestic and industrial effluents. Acting as biological catalysts, these microbes change and mineralize a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants under different redox conditions.In oxygen-rich surface waters, aerobic heterotrophs lead organic matter breakdown, using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to efficiently oxidize substrates to carbon dioxide and water.
Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

A window into biocatalysis and biotransformations.

Guillermo Coward-Kelly1, Rachel Ruizhen Chen

  • 1Novozymes North America, Franklinton, North Carolina 27525, USA.

Biotechnology Progress
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Advances in biocatalysis showcase new tools like nanotechnology and protein engineering to overcome enzyme limitations. These innovations are driving progress in biocatalysis from discovery to industrial applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering
  • Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Background:

  • Fundamental challenges in biocatalysis include limited enzyme availability, stability, and activity in non-aqueous conditions.
  • Whole-cell biocatalysis faces issues with cell permeability and enzyme localization.
  • Addressing these limitations is crucial for expanding the industrial applications of biocatalysis.

Framework:

  • Integration of novel tools and technologies is a key trend in biocatalysis research.
  • Nanotechnology, bioinformatics, and protein engineering are being employed to enhance enzyme performance.
  • Cellular and metabolic engineering approaches are used to optimize whole-cell catalysts.

Implementation:

  • Protein engineering is used to improve enzyme stability and activity, and to create novel enzymes.

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Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation
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Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
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Published on: August 8, 2016

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
09:27

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

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Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation

Published on: May 18, 2020

  • Nanotechnology offers new methods for enzyme immobilization and delivery.
  • Bioinformatics aids in enzyme discovery and design.
  • Cellular membrane and metabolic engineering are applied to improve whole-cell system efficiency.
  • Implications:

    • These advancements are providing effective solutions to long-standing problems in biocatalysis.
    • The symposium highlighted significant progress across the biocatalysis pipeline, from initial discovery to large-scale industrial use.
    • The infusion of new technologies promises to accelerate the development and adoption of biocatalytic processes.