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Related Concept Videos

Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Linking molecular function and biological process terms in the ontology for gene expression data analysis.

Matthew Dejongh1, Pamela Van Dort, Benjamin Ramsay

  • 1Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hope Coll., Holland, MI, USA.

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces new links in the Gene Ontology (GO) to connect molecular functions with biological processes. This enhances computational analysis of gene expression data by revealing hidden relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The Gene Ontology (GO) organizes gene function into molecular function, biological process, and cellular component hierarchies.
  • Current GO structure limits computational access to detailed mechanistic knowledge embedded within term definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for creating new, computationally accessible links between GO molecular function and biological process terms.
  • To enhance the reasoning capabilities of inference engines regarding gene relationships.

Main Methods:

  • A process was developed to establish explicit links between molecular function terms and the biological processes they contribute to within the GO.
  • These new links were integrated to facilitate reasoning about genes with diverse molecular functions involved in common biological processes.

Main Results:

  • The new links enable inference engines to identify relationships between genes exhibiting different molecular functions but participating in the same biological process.
  • Demonstrated improved effectiveness in automated gene expression data analysis through these enhanced GO relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Adding explicit links between GO hierarchies significantly improves the computational accessibility of gene function mechanisms.
  • This approach enhances the analytical power of bioinformatics tools, particularly for gene expression studies.