Electrocardiographic characterization of embryonic zebrafish

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as one of the primary experimental models of developmental cardiovascular research. Recent progress in flow visualization techniques along with the existing genetic map of the species has made zebrafish amenable to a variety of experiments relating cardiac developmental structure and function. One essential tool in establishing the proper functioning of the heart is the electrocardiogram (ECG). This study presents a methodology whereby the ECGs of embryonic zebrafish could be used in assessing the electrophysiological consequences of genetically-, mechanically-, or pharmacokinetically-induced cardiac perturbations. Five day post-fertilization (dpf) embryos produced repeating bimodal ECGs with clearly distinguished atrial (P) and ventricular (R) depolarization waves. P-R intervals along with P-P intervals are cited.