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Updated: Jul 17, 2026
Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
Published on: May 15, 2021
RF-powered BIONs for stimulation and sensing
G E Loeb1, F J R Richmond, J Singh
1A.E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Abstract:
Virtually all bodily functions are controlled by electrical signals in nerves and muscles. Electrical stimulation can restore missing signals but this has been difficult to achieve practically because of limitations in the bioelectric interfaces. Wireless, injectable microdevices are versatile, robust and relatively inexpensive to implant in a variety of sites and applications. Several variants are now in clinical use or under development to perform stimulation and/or sensing functions and to operate autonomously or with continuous coordination and feedback control.
