Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

What is the Skeletal System?

What is the Skeletal System?

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The impact of probiotics and synbiotics supplementation on bone health; an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

SAGE open medicine·2026

Same author

Enhancing Sarcopenia-Related Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Interventions.

Obesity surgery·2026

Same author

Gut Microbiota Alterations in Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study Revealing Increased Abundance of Specific Bacterial Genera.

Journal of nutrition and metabolism·2026

Same author

A rare case of ectopic cushing's syndrome caused by renal neuroendocrine tumor.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders·2026

Same author

Exploring the gut microbiota alterations with obesity in older adults: a case-control study in the context of Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

Journal of health, population, and nutrition·2026

Same author

Association of gut microbiota alterations with metabolic syndrome in older adults: Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis

Models of Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 4, 2012

Hypocalcemia as a presentation for multifocal osteosarcoma.

Akbar Soltani¹, Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar, Alireza Moayyeri

¹Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Centre, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. soltania@sina.tums.ac.ir

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

|February 3, 2007

Summary

A rare case of multifocal osteosarcoma in a teen presented with hypocalcemia, indicating a poor prognosis. This aggressive cancer led to rapid disease progression despite treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis

Models of Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 4, 2012

Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Skeletal Oncology
Calcium Metabolism

Background:

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer typically affecting children and young adults.
Multifocal osteosarcoma involves multiple tumor sites, presenting a more complex clinical challenge.
Symptomatic hypocalcemia is an uncommon presentation in pediatric oncology patients.

Observation:

A 16-year-old male with multifocal osteosarcoma experienced symptomatic hypocalcemia, generalized bone pain, and a femoral mass.
Diagnostic workup revealed secondary hyperparathyroidism, markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase, and widespread sclerotic and lytic bone lesions.
Histopathological examination confirmed osteosarcomatosis, indicating widespread dissemination of osteosarcoma.

Findings:

The patient's hypocalcemia was directly associated with the advanced stage of osteosarcomatosis.
Despite intensive chemotherapy protocols, the disease progressed rapidly.
The patient succumbed to the illness within two months of diagnosis.

Implications:

Hypocalcemia in the context of multifocal osteosarcoma may serve as a critical indicator of poor prognosis.
This case highlights the importance of monitoring calcium levels in pediatric patients with advanced bone cancers.
Further research is warranted to understand the complex interplay between bone tumors and calcium homeostasis.