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Self-efficacy and norm measures for lunch fruit and vegetable consumption are reliable and valid among fifth grade
Victoria J Thompson1, Christine M Bachman, Tom Baranowski
1Archimage Inc, Houston, TX 77006, USA. victoria@archimageonline.com
Objective:
To determine the reliability and validity of a questionnaire measuring fruit and vegetable (FV) self-efficacy and social norms during school lunch among 5th graders.
Design:
In this cross-sectional study, students completed lunch food records and a psychosocial questionnaire measuring school lunch FV self-efficacy and social norms regarding consumption during the fall and spring semesters. Test-retest reliability was assessed between fall and spring semesters. The measurement model was cross-validated in the spring data.
Setting:
One middle school in Houston, Texas.
Participants:
275 fifth graders in the 1998 fall semester and 262 of these fifth graders in the 1999 spring semester.
Main Outcome Measures:
FV consumption and psychosocial variables.
Analyses:
Principal components analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and bivariate correlations.
Results:
Three scales were identified: Fruit Self-Efficacy, Vegetable Self-Efficacy, and FV Social Norms. FV self-efficacy were positively correlated with low-fat vegetable and fruit consumption. Social norms were positively correlated with total vegetable, low-fat vegetable, fruit and total FV consumption.
Conclusions And Implications:
Self-efficacy and norms for eating FV at school lunch are related to lunch FV consumption. Increasing self-efficacy and social norms about consuming FV at school appears to be important targets to improve FV consumption.
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