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Collectins and host defence.

R B Sim1, H Clark, K Hajela

  • 1MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
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Collectins, including mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-D), are key innate immunity proteins. They bind pathogens and particulates, influencing infection susceptibility and lung health.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Collectins are soluble oligomeric proteins with collagenous regions and C-type lectin domains.
  • They are structurally and functionally related to complement protein C1q and ficolins.
  • Key human collectins, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D), are crucial for innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, function, and roles of collectins in innate immunity.
  • To highlight the importance of MBL in plasma and respiratory tract immunity.
  • To describe the functions of SP-A and SP-D in the lungs and their impact on respiratory health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of collectin research.
  • Analysis of collectin structure and protein-protein interactions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of functional assays related to pathogen binding and immune activation.

    • Main Results:

    • MBL binds to microbial sugars, acting as an opsonin and activating complement via MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs), particularly MASP-2.
    • MBL deficiency is linked to increased infection susceptibility, especially in infants.
    • SP-A and SP-D bind microorganisms and particulates in the lungs, functioning as opsonins and agglutinators.
    • SP-A and SP-D also modulate cellular regulation, with deficiencies leading to lung infections and emphysema-like conditions in mice.

    Conclusions:

    • Collectins play vital roles in host defense against pathogens and environmental agents.
    • MBL and SPs are essential components of the innate immune system, with distinct but complementary functions.
    • Understanding collectin biology is crucial for addressing infectious diseases and respiratory conditions.