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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
Published on: November 11, 2022
[Anxiety disorders. Causes, clinical picture and treatment]
1Spezialambulanz für Angsterkrankungen und Forschungsbereich Angst, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 11, 48149 Münster. Zwanzger@ukmuenster.de
Abstract:
Anxiety disorders are among the most frequent mental disorders together with affective disorders with a lifetime prevalence of 18%. The pathogenesis of these disorders is complex and includes biological and psychosocial factors. Modern diagnostic classification systems (ICD-10, DSM-IV) differentiate between panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia and specific phobia. Recommended treatment approaches include psychotherapy as well as pharmacotherapy, which have to be preceded by an empathic psychoeducation. Today, cognitive behavioural psychotherapy and modern antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors represent the first-line therapy of most anxiety disorders. This review gives an overview of pathogenesis, clinical presentation and current treatment standards.
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