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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Thermodiffusion of charged colloids: single-particle diffusion.

Jan K G Dhont1, S Wiegand, S Duhr

  • 1Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute für Festkörper Forschung (IFF), Weiche Materie, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. j.k.g.dhont@fz-juelich.de

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study derives a formula for the thermal diffusion coefficient of charged colloidal spheres, linking it to particle construction energy and electrical double layers. The findings explain experimental data for various double-layer thicknesses.

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Area of Science:

  • Colloid Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding the thermal diffusion of charged colloidal particles is crucial for various applications.
  • Existing theories may not fully capture the complex interplay of forces and thermodynamics involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a theoretical expression for the single-particle thermal diffusion coefficient of a charged colloidal sphere.
  • To elucidate the relationship between thermal diffusion and the thermodynamics of colloidal particle formation.
  • To specifically analyze the contribution of the electrical double layer to thermal diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Application of force balance on the Brownian time scale.
  • Integration of thermodynamic principles.
  • Derivation of an explicit expression for the electrical double layer contribution using the Debye-Hückel approximation.

Main Results:

  • A general expression for the single-particle thermal diffusion coefficient was derived, connecting it to the temperature dependence of reversible work.
  • An explicit formula for the electrical double layer's contribution was obtained in terms of surface charge density, screening length, and core radius.
  • The derived expression successfully explains existing experimental data for both thin and thick electrical double layers.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a robust theoretical framework for understanding the thermal diffusion of charged colloids.
  • The derived expression offers valuable insights into the role of the electrical double layer.
  • The findings are consistent with experimental observations and offer a basis for comparison with other theoretical models.