Nonempirical statistical theory for atomic evaporation from nonrigid clusters: applications to the absolute rate...

A high energy atomic cluster undergoing frequent structural isomerization behaves like a liquid droplet, from which atoms or molecules can be emitted. Even after evaporation, the daughter cluster may still keep changing its structure. We study the dynamics of such an evaporation process of atomic evaporation. To do so, we develop a statistical rate theory for dissociation of highly nonrigid molecules and propose a simple method to calculate the absolute value of classical phase-space volume for a potential function that has many locally stable basins. The statistical prediction of the final distribution of the released kinetic energy is also developed. A direct application of the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassed-Marcus (RRKM) theory to this kind of multichannel chemical reaction is prohibitively difficult, unless further modeling and/or assumptions are made. We carry out a completely nonempirical statistical calculation for these dynamical quantities, in that nothing empirical is introduced like remodeling (or reparametrization) of artificial potential energy functions or recalibration of the phase-space volume referring to other "empirical" values such as those estimated with the molecular dynamics method. The so-called dividing surface is determined variationally, at which the flux is calculated in a consistent manner with the estimate of the phase-space volume in the initial state. Also, for the correct treatment of a highly nonrigid cluster, the phase-space volume and flux are estimated without the separation of vibrational and rotational motions. Both the microcanonical reaction rate and the final kinetic energy distribution thus obtained have quite accurately reproduced the corresponding quantities given by molecular dynamics calculations. This establishes the validity of the statistical arguments, which in turn brings about the deeper physical insight about the evaporation dynamics.