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Synthesizing Lipid Nanoparticles by Turbulent Flow in Confined Impinging Jet Mixers
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Published on: August 23, 2024

Nanoscale jet collision and mixing dynamics.

Sohail Murad1, Ishwar K Puri

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

Nano Letters
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Unlike larger drops, colliding nanojets recoil, not coalesce, even at low Weber numbers (We). This recoil, influenced by impact velocity and intermolecular forces, initiates evaporation and subsequent mixing.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Nanoscale Science
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • At micro- and macroscales, colliding drops typically coalesce when the Weber number (We) is small.
  • The behavior of colliding nanojets, particularly at very low Weber numbers, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the collision dynamics of nanojets using molecular dynamics simulations.
  • To determine the factors influencing nanojet recoil and subsequent mixing processes.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model head-on collisions of nanojets.
  • Analysis focused on the influence of impact velocity (Uo) and intermolecular interactions.

Main Results:

  • Nanojets consistently exhibit recoil following head-on collision, irrespective of low Weber numbers (We --> 0).

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  • The time between collision and recoil depends on nanojet impact velocity (Uo) and intermolecular interactions.
  • Evaporation, promoting mixing, occurs during recoil and is enhanced by weaker intermolecular interactions; subsequent mixing is diffusion-driven and independent of Uo or orifice shape.

    • Conclusions:

    • Nanojet collision dynamics diverge significantly from macroscale drop behavior, characterized by recoil rather than coalescence.
    • Recoil dynamics and subsequent mixing are governed by impact velocity and intermolecular forces, with evaporation playing a key role.
    • Observed scaling relationships (ds,1 proportional to Uo, tau proportional to Uo-2, N proportional to Uo) align with continuum analysis predictions.