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Current Density

Current Density

The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Published on: September 13, 2015

Current density distribution under surface electrode on posterior tibial nerve electrical stimulation.

Yong Hu¹, X B Xie, L Y Pang

¹Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong.

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference

|February 7, 2007

Summary

Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve for somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) measurement is inefficient. Simulations show uneven current density, suggesting axial bipolar stimulator placement along the nerve improves efficiency.

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

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In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurements on Mouse Sciatic Nerves

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurements on Mouse Sciatic Nerves

Published on: April 13, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Electrophysiology

Background:

Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve is crucial for somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) measurements.
Optimizing stimulation efficiency is essential for accurate and reliable SEP data acquisition.
Understanding current distribution under electrodes is key to improving stimulation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To simulate and analyze potential field and current density distributions under surface electrodes during posterior tibial nerve stimulation.
To investigate the impact of electrode configuration on current distribution for enhanced SEP measurements.
To provide recommendations for optimal electrode placement to improve stimulation efficiency.

Main Methods:

A three-layer theoretical model was developed to simulate potential field and current density.
The mirror method was employed for analyzing the potential field of point charges.
Laplace's equation was used to calculate current density distribution, with results visualized using 2-D plots.

Main Results:

Simulations revealed non-uniform potential and current density distributions under transcutaneous stimulation electrodes.
Maximum current density was consistently observed directly beneath the electrode poles.
The study obtained both analytical solutions for the potential field and numerical solutions for current density.

Conclusions:

Non-uniform current distribution under standard electrodes can affect stimulation efficiency.
Axial placement of bipolar stimulators along the nerve's course is recommended for optimized current delivery.
This approach can lead to more effective posterior tibial nerve stimulation for SEP measurements.