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Related Experiment Videos

Visual dysfunction without retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

J I Quiceno1, E Capparelli, A A Sadun

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 15, 1992
PubMed
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Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection experience visual dysfunction, including decreased color vision and contrast sensitivity. This study highlights significant visual deficits in individuals with HIV/AIDS, even without visible eye infections.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can lead to various ocular complications, including retinopathies and optic nerve dysfunction.
  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related retinopathy is common in patients with advanced HIV.
  • Morphological studies indicate reduced optic nerve fibers in patients with AIDS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate visual dysfunction in patients with HIV infection, specifically assessing macula and optic nerve health.
  • To evaluate color vision and contrast sensitivity in individuals with HIV/AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-eight subjects (156 eyes) with HIV infection were assessed.
  • Color vision was tested using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Contrast sensitivity was evaluated across five spatial frequencies.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients with AIDS demonstrated a significant decrease in color discrimination (P < .001).
    • Deficits in contrast threshold were observed in patients with AIDS at four of five spatial frequencies.
    • Patients with AIDS-related complex showed contrast deficits at three of five spatial frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV infection is associated with functional visual deficits, even in the absence of retinitis.
    • These deficits are consistent with macula or optic nerve dysfunction in patients with HIV/AIDS.
    • Color vision and contrast sensitivity testing are valuable tools for detecting visual impairment in HIV-infected individuals.