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In-vitro Experimental Validation Of Hemodynamics Study For Proximal Anastomosis Models
Leok Poh Chua1, Junmei Zhang, Tongming Zhou
1Sch. of Mechanical & Aerosp. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ.
Insights
This study numerically and experimentally investigated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) proximal anastomosis hemodynamics. Findings suggest the 135-degree model may improve graft patency by optimizing flow characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Research
- Fluid Dynamics
Background:
- Hemodynamics at coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) anastomoses are crucial for graft patency.
- While distal anastomosis has been studied, proximal anastomosis hemodynamics require further investigation to understand stenosis development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To numerically and experimentally analyze flow characteristics at proximal CABG anastomosis models.
- To enhance understanding of the stenosis pathophysiological process initiated at the proximal anastomosis.
- To validate numerical simulations with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements.
Main Methods:
- Designed and simulated two proximal CABG anastomosis models (90-degree and 135-degree).
- Employed numerical simulations to study flow characteristics, velocity profiles, and wall shear stress (WSS) distributions.
- Utilized particle image velocimetry (PIV) for experimental validation of numerical results under physiological flow conditions.
Main Results:
- Numerical and experimental data showed good agreement for flow characteristics, velocity profiles (8-54% difference), and WSS distributions.
- Particle flow velocimetry (PFV) provided quantitative results comparable to laser Doppler anemometry (LDA).
- Numerical simulations offered detailed flow information with sufficient mesh density.
Conclusions:
- The 135-degree anastomotic model demonstrated potential for improved graft patency based on hemodynamic analysis.
- Numerical simulation is a valuable tool for detailed hemodynamic analysis in CABG research.
- Understanding proximal anastomosis hemodynamics is key to preventing graft stenosis.
Abstract:
Hemodynamics is widely believed to correlate with the stenosis of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Although some researchers had investigated distal anastomosis, further studies upon the proximal anastomosis are still necessary as the initiation and growth of the stenosis process may be influenced by the nature of the flow at the proximal anastomosis. Therefore in this project, flow characteristics of proximal anastomosis models were studied numerically in order to enhance the understanding of the stenosis pathophysiological process and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were also carried out to validate the numerical simulation results. Two models (viz. 90deg and 135deg anastomotic models) were firstly designed to mimic the proximal anastomosis of CABG for left and right coronary arteries respectively. A fair match between numerical and experimental data was observed in terms of flow characteristics, velocity profiles and WSS distributions under physiological flow conditions. The overall difference between their velocity profiles ranged from 8% to 54%. It is evident from the findings that PFV measurement can obtain quantitative results as accurate as LDA and numerical simulation is able to provide much detailed information with enough mesh density. In addition, the 135deg model would result in better patency rate based on hemodynamic analysis.
