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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
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Published on: July 6, 2021

Probabilistic control of gene networks.

Peter Y Chen1, Jeremy Chen

  • 1Bachelor of Tech. Programme, Nat. Univ. of Singapore.

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a Markov chain method for controlling gene networks by modeling states as probability distributions. The developed algorithm efficiently guides gene networks to desired states using probabilistic control actions.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Control Theory

Background:

  • Gene networks are complex biological systems with dynamic states.
  • Controlling these networks is crucial for understanding and manipulating cellular functions.
  • Existing methods may lack efficiency or probabilistic guarantees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel approach for controlling gene networks using Markov chains.
  • To develop an algorithm for guiding gene networks to desired states probabilistically.
  • To enhance the efficiency of the control algorithm with a heuristic.

Main Methods:

  • Representing gene network states as probability distributions.
  • Utilizing Markov chains for probabilistic state transitions.
  • Designing a control algorithm to find action sequences for state transitions.
  • Implementing a heuristic to improve algorithm efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a probabilistic framework for gene network control.
  • Developed an algorithm to achieve desired network states with specified probabilities.
  • Showcased the effectiveness of a heuristic in improving computational efficiency for certain network types.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Markov chain approach offers a robust method for gene network control.
  • The algorithm provides a probabilistic guarantee for reaching target states.
  • The heuristic significantly enhances the practical applicability of the control strategy.