[On a case of purulent pericarditis in a young child caused by mycobacterium rhodochrous]

M. rhodochrous was cultivated from the blood of a 2 1/2 year-old child with purulent pericarditis and is regarded as the causative agent. The process was successfully treated by chemotherapy and surgical measures. The problems of bacteriological diagnostics are discussed in detail with particular reference to the taxonomical differentiation of these agents and the treatment of their infections.