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American Trypanosomiasis

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2014

[Trypanolytic factor of human serum].

D Perez-Morga¹

¹Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et Médecine Moléculaires IBMM, U.L.B.

Bulletin Et Memoires De L'Academie Royale De Medecine De Belgique

|February 8, 2007

Summary

African trypanosomes evade human immunity through a mechanism involving high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. This discovery sheds light on how these parasites cause sleeping sickness in humans.

Area of Science:

Parasitology
Immunology
Biochemistry

Context:

African trypanosomes, including *Trypanosoma brucei*, are protozoan parasites infecting mammals.
Human serum exhibits potent trypanolytic activity, a defense mechanism absent in most mammals.
Two subspecies, *T. b. rhodesiense* and *T. b. gambiense*, cause human sleeping sickness by resisting this lysis.

Purpose:

To investigate the mechanism of *T. b. rhodesiense* resistance to human serum lysis.
To identify the factor responsible for the trypanolytic activity of human serum.

Summary:

*T. b. rhodesiense* evades the innate immune system of humans, unlike other mammals.
The study identified the trypanolytic factor in human serum as an apolipoprotein.
This apolipoprotein forms ionic pores and is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles.

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Purification of Extracellular Trypanosomes, Including African, from Blood by Anion-Exchangers (Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose Columns)

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Published on: April 6, 2019

Impact:

Identifies a key molecular mechanism enabling human infection by African trypanosomes.
Reveals the role of HDL-associated apolipoproteins in parasite resistance.
Provides insights into the host-parasite interactions relevant to sleeping sickness pathogenesis.