Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

Rapid Identification of Pathogens

Rapid Identification of Pathogens

MALDI-TOF MS has transformed clinical microbiology by offering a rapid and reliable method for pathogen identification. The traditional approach to microbial identification typically involves time-consuming culture techniques and biochemical tests, which can delay the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. MALDI-TOF MS avoids these delays by using characteristic ribosomal protein mass patterns of microbial cells, enabling accurate species-level identification within minutes.Principle...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Factors associated with correction of personal protective equipment nonadherence in a multidisciplinary emergency department setting: A retrospective video review.

American journal of infection control·2024

Same author

Evaluation of CS (o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) concentrations during U.S. Army mask confidence training.

Journal of environmental health·2011

Same author

Using gas chromatography with ion mobility spectrometry to resolve explosive compounds in the presence of interferents.

Journal of forensic sciences·2010

Same author

Identification of compounds formed during low temperature thermal dispersion of encapsulated o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent).

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2010

Same author

Directly heated high surface area solid phase microextraction sampler for rapid field forensic analyses.

Analytical chemistry·2009

Same author

Dynamic solid phase microextraction for sampling of airborne sarin with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for rapid field detection and quantification.

Journal of separation science·2004

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

Chemical agent identification by field-based attenuated total reflectance infrared detection and solid-phase

Chet K Bryant¹, Peter T LaPuma, Gary L Hook

¹Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA. Chet.Bryant@wpafb.af.mil

Analytical Chemistry

|February 8, 2007

Summary

This study shows a portable Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer can detect vapor-phase chemicals. Combining the instrument with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) allows for sensitive identification of nerve agent simulants.

More Related Videos

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Chemical Sensing

Background:

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy is a established technique for chemical identification.
Detecting vapor-phase chemicals, especially hazardous ones, requires sensitive and portable methods.
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique that concentrates analytes from a sample matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of using a portable ATR-FT-IR spectrometer with SPME for vapor-phase chemical identification.
To evaluate the performance of the combined system in detecting nerve agent simulants at low concentrations.

Main Methods:

A field-portable ATR-FT-IR spectrometer (TravelIR) was coupled with SPME.
Three sorbent polymers were tested as thin films on the sampling interface to concentrate vapor-phase nerve agent simulants (DIMP and DMMP).
Air samples containing known concentrations of simulants were prepared in Tedlar bags.

Main Results:

The system successfully identified vapor-phase nerve agent simulants.
The lowest detectable concentrations were 50 ppb (v/v) for DIMP and 250 ppb (v/v) for DMMP.
A linear response was observed for the ATR-FT-IR instrument at concentrations of 1 ppm (v/v) and below.
Increased sample exposure time, air velocity, and film thickness enhanced analyte extraction.

Conclusions:

It is feasible to use a portable ATR-FT-IR spectrometer with SPME sampling for the detection and identification of vapor-phase chemicals.
This approach offers a promising method for field-based chemical sensing.
The system's sensitivity and portability make it suitable for various applications, including hazardous substance detection.