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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

Viruses and dendritic cells: enemy mine.

Christine Pohl1, Joana Shishkova, Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies

  • 1University of Wuerzburg, Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany.

Cellular Microbiology
|February 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial sentinels and targets for viruses, influencing viral spread. Viruses manipulate DCs to evade immune detection or cause immunosuppression, impacting host defense.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune sentinels that recognize viral molecular patterns.
  • DCs are also targets for viruses, playing a role in viral transport and spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of dendritic cells in viral infections.
  • To understand how viruses interact with and manipulate dendritic cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dendritic cell receptors for viral signatures.
  • Investigation of viral internalization and peptide presentation by DCs.
  • Examination of DC-T cell interactions and infectious synapse formation.
  • Assessment of viral strategies to modulate DC function.

Main Results:

  • DC recognition of viruses triggers maturation, altering morphology and cell interactions.
  • Viruses are internalized by DCs, processed, and presented via MHC molecules.
  • Infectious synapses facilitate virus transfer from DCs to T cells.
  • Many viruses downregulate DC functions to evade immune responses or induce immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cells play a complex, multifaceted role in viral pathogenesis.
  • Viruses actively manipulate dendritic cell functions for their own propagation and immune evasion.