[Risk factors for eclampsia in Libreville (Gabon): a case-control study]

To determine the current prevalence of eclampsia in our department, identify its risk factors and assess the prognosis of mother and child.

This retrospective case-control study took place from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005, in the gynecology-obstetrics and intensive care departments of the Libreville Hospital Center. Every case of eclampsia was compared with three control patients. We collected social, demographic and clinical variables and compared them between the two groups. Univariate analysis was conducted with Epi Info 6.0. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each variable and compared with the Chi 2 test (significance defined as a p value less than 0.05).

The prevalence of eclampsia was 0.5%. The principal risk factors were: mother aged younger than 19 years (OR=3.38; CI= 1.77-6.47), nulliparity (2.21; 1.22-4.02) and one or no prenatal consultations (19.23; 6.45-61.40). Severe high blood pressure (>160/110 mmHg) was found in 52% of cases. There were 14 maternal deaths (21%) in the case group and none among the controls.

Improvement in the quality and quantity of prenatal care should help reduce the incidence of eclampsia.