Sociodemographic differences in myocardial infarction risk perceptions among people with coronary heart disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Health Psychology

Background:

• Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects millions globally, with myocardial infarction (MI) being a major complication.
• Understanding risk perception is crucial for secondary prevention strategies in patients with existing CHD.
• Sociodemographic factors may influence how individuals perceive their personal risk of experiencing an MI.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate sociodemographic variations in risk perceptions of myocardial infarction (MI) among individuals diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD).
• To explore the role of comparative risk assessment (own risk vs. average person, own risk vs. average person with CHD) in MI risk perception.
• To examine the mediating effects of CHD severity and psychosocial resources on observed sociodemographic differences in risk perception.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study involving 3130 participants with diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD).
• Calculation of two comparative risk perception variables: personal risk relative to the general population and personal risk relative to other CHD patients.
• Statistical analysis to identify sociodemographic predictors and mediating factors (CHD severity, psychosocial resources) of MI risk perception.

Main Results:

• Comparative optimism regarding MI risk was prevalent, with individuals often perceiving their own risk as lower than average.
• Men and individuals with higher educational attainment exhibited greater comparative optimism in their MI risk perceptions.
• The observed sociodemographic differences in risk perception were significantly mediated by the severity of CHD and available psychosocial resources.

Conclusions:

• Sociodemographic factors, particularly gender and education, are associated with differential MI risk perceptions in CHD patients.
• The findings highlight the need for tailored communication strategies regarding risk information in secondary CHD prevention.
• Psychosocial interventions are essential to address risk misperceptions and support necessary lifestyle adjustments for improved CHD management.