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Complementary feeding: clinically relevant factors affecting timing and composition.

Nancy F Krebs1, K Michael Hambidge

  • 1Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80252, USA. nancy.krebs@uchsc.edu

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|February 8, 2007
PubMed
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Exclusive breastfeeding is vital for infant health. Introducing meat as a complementary food can prevent zinc deficiency in infants over 6 months old, especially those on plant-based diets.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Human Nutrition
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and optimal complementary feeding are crucial for child survival.
  • Infant iron and zinc needs increase after 6 months, influenced by clinical factors and milk composition.
  • Maternal diet minimally impacts human milk mineral content; infant status dictates nutrient needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss factors affecting infant iron and zinc requirements.
  • To highlight the risk of zinc deficiency from plant-based complementary diets.
  • To advocate for meat as an early complementary food to meet zinc needs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes in human milk and infant nutritional status.
  • Analysis of zinc absorption dynamics, including saturation response modeling.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of existing intervention programs and rationale for meat inclusion.

    • Main Results:

    • Plant-based diets are associated with inadequate zinc absorption in infants.
    • Meat-rich foods are more likely to meet dietary zinc requirements.
    • Current complementary feeding practices pose a risk of zinc deficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Meat should be considered as an early complementary food for infants to prevent zinc deficiency.
    • Broader implementation of meat-based complementary feeding requires rigorous evaluation.
    • Public health initiatives should focus on improving complementary feeding to reduce child morbidity and mortality.