Fever: applying research to bedside practice

Fever occurs frequently in critically ill patients and requires knowledgeable assessment and treatment by critical care nurses. Fever can result from infection or inflammation and should be differentiated from simple hyperthermia. Although temperature measurement and fever management are not often priorities in the management of a critically ill patient, the physiologic consequences of fever may affect patient morbidity. This article defines and describes fever and its pathophysiology. An evidence-based plan of care for the assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation of the patient with fever is outlined, using levels of recommendation based on the strength of the available evidence. A case study is presented to illustrate application to clinical practice. Commentary about the case is provided to review the salient points of care.