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Related Concept Videos

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
Production of Biopesticides01:18

Production of Biopesticides

Biopesticides offer a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, utilizing microbial agents to control agricultural pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely employed bacterium known for its potent insecticidal activity. Bt biopesticides are favored for their specificity to insect pests, minimal environmental impact, and natural degradability.Mechanism of Bt Toxin Action Bt produces insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins during its sporulation phase. These proteins form parasporal...
Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview

Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though pharmacologically...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Cell-Free Dot Blot as a Practical and Adaptable Immunoassay Platform for the Detection of Antibody Response in Human and Animal Sera
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Turning biodefense dollars into products.

Melanie C Trull1, Tracey V du Laney, Mark D Dibner

  • 1BioAbility, LLC, PO Box 14569, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. mtrull@bioability.com

Nature Biotechnology
|February 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Biodefense funding, established after the anthrax attacks and BioShield legislation, has yielded few clinical products. This indicates a slow translation of research into tangible medical countermeasures.

Area of Science:

  • Biodefense and Public Health
  • Medical Countermeasure Development
  • Infectious Disease Preparedness

Background:

  • The US experienced bioterrorism threats, notably the anthrax attacks.
  • The BioShield legislation was enacted to accelerate the development of medical countermeasures.
  • Significant funding was allocated to biodefense initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of biodefense funding in product development.
  • To evaluate the progress made since the BioShield legislation.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was conducted to gather data on biodefense funding outcomes.
  • The study analyzed the number of products entering clinical development.

Main Results:

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Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System
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Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

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  • Only a small number of biodefense products have reached clinical development stages.
  • The output of clinical products is limited despite substantial investment.

Conclusions:

  • Current biodefense funding strategies have shown minimal success in generating clinical products.
  • There is a need to re-evaluate and potentially revise biodefense funding mechanisms to improve product development.