Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

7th Brazilian Guideline of Arterial Hypertension: Chapter 1 - Concept, Epidemiology and Primary Prevention

Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia·2016
Same author

Effects of fluvastatin on insulin resistance and cardiac morphology in hypertensive patients.

Journal of human hypertension·2010
Same author

Association of carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in women pre- and post-bariatric surgery.

Obesity surgery·2008
Same author

Association of urinary 90 kDa angiotensin- converting enzyme with family history of hypertension and endothelial function in normotensive individuals.

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas·2008
Same author

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in hyperlipidemia and hypertension.

Biological research·2005
Same author

Nitric oxide, cholesterol oxides and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in plasma of patients with essential hypertension.

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas·2002

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
05:41

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

Endothelial function in normotensive and high-normal hypertensive subjects.

F L Plavnik1, S A Ajzen, D M J Christofalo

  • 1Nephrology Division and Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão - Federal University of São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. fplavnik@terra.com.br

Journal of Human Hypertension
|February 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Mild increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) can impair endothelial function in healthy individuals. This early sign of endothelial dysfunction in high-normal SBP ranges warrants attention for preventing future hypertension.

More Related Videos

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
07:46

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

Published on: October 15, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
05:41

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
07:46

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

Published on: October 15, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of cardiovascular disease.
  • The impact of mild blood pressure elevations on endothelial function in healthy individuals is not fully understood.
  • Identifying early markers of hypertension risk is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of mild increments in systolic blood pressure (SBP) on brachial artery endothelial function in healthy adults.
  • To determine if high-normal SBP levels are associated with impaired endothelial response.
  • To differentiate the impact of SBP versus diastolic blood pressure on endothelial function.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-one healthy volunteers (35-50 years) without metabolic abnormalities were enrolled.
  • Endothelial function was assessed using Doppler ultrasound of the brachial artery, measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
  • Subjects were grouped based on SBP levels (SG1: <115 mmHg, SG2: 115-124 mmHg, SG3: 125-134 mmHg, SG4: 135-139 mmHg) and responses to reactive hyperemia and nitric oxide were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference in flow-mediated dilation was observed between groups with SBP ≥115 mmHg (SG2, SG3, SG4) compared to the lowest SBP group (SG1).
  • Flow-mediated dilation decreased progressively with increasing SBP categories (SG2: 16.2±5.6%, SG3: 13.4±5.2%, SG4: 11.5±3.6%).
  • Nitric oxide-mediated dilation showed no significant difference across the SBP groups, suggesting an impairment in flow-mediated endothelial response rather than nitric oxide availability.

Conclusions:

  • Even mild elevations in systolic blood pressure, within the high-normal range, can negatively impact endothelial function in a healthy, normotensive population.
  • Endothelial dysfunction may be an early subclinical sign in individuals who later develop hypertension.
  • These findings suggest that individuals with high-normal SBP merit closer monitoring and potentially earlier intervention to prevent cardiovascular complications.