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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that include the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

Stochastic sensing on a modular chip containing a single-ion channel.

Ji Wook Shim1, Li Qun Gu

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|February 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A novel modular chip integrates a single-ion channel for portable, durable biosensing at the single-molecule level. This robust device enables real-time detection and has broad applications in biomedical research and diagnostics.

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Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Droplet Interface Bilayers
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Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Droplet Interface Bilayers

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Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
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Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Droplet Interface Bilayers
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Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Droplet Interface Bilayers

Published on: November 19, 2015

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
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Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Engineered protein channels offer potential for single-molecule biosensing.
  • A key challenge is developing portable and durable integrated chip devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a versatile, modular chip device for single-ion channel-based biosensing.
  • To demonstrate the portability and durability of the integrated chip for real-time molecular detection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a modular chip with a lipid membrane sandwiched between agarose layers.
  • Integration of a single-protein pore within the lipid membrane as a sensor element.
  • In situ gelation of agarose for membrane support and device stability.

Main Results:

  • The device demonstrates high portability, allowing continuous function after detachment and transportation.
  • The chip exhibits high durability, supporting long-duration single-channel dynamics observation.
  • The integrated protein pore functions as a robust stochastic sensor for real-time detection, exemplified by inositol trisphosphate (IP3).

Conclusions:

  • The developed pluggable biochip represents a significant advancement for single-molecular biosensing.
  • The chip's portability, durability, and modularity enable diverse applications, including microfluidic integration and microarray development.
  • This technology facilitates real-time molecular targeting for biomedical detection and membrane protein research.