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A unique complement derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells.

A G Romualdez, P A Ward

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel chemotactic factor for tumor cells was discovered. This factor, a fragment of the fifth component of complement (C5), influences tumor cell behavior and is distinct from leukocyte-attracting factors.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Tumor cells exhibit chemotaxis, a directed movement in response to chemical signals.
    • The generation of tumor cell-specific chemotactic factors from serum and tumor extracts was previously unknown.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize the factor chemotactic for Walker carcinosarcoma and Novikoff hepatoma tumor cells.
    • To determine the origin and nature of this tumor cell-specific chemotactic factor.

    Main Methods:

    • Incubation of serum with tumor cell extracts.
    • Assays for chemotactic activity on tumor cells and neutrophilic leukocytes.
    • Utilizing complement-deficient serums and purified complement components, including the fifth component (C5).

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    Main Results:

    • A factor chemotactic for tumor cells was generated, distinct from leukocyte chemotactic factors.
    • This factor was identified as a fragment of the fifth component of complement (C5).
    • The fragment results from the interaction of C5 with an enzyme present in the tumor extract.

    Conclusions:

    • A unique C5 fragment acts as a specific chemoattractant for tumor cells.
    • This C5-derived factor may play a significant role in modulating tumor cell behavior in vivo.
    • The findings suggest a novel mechanism involving complement in tumor cell migration.