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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data01:25

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Meta-analyses in vaccinology.

Robert M Jacobson1, Paul V Targonski, Gregory A Poland

  • 1Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905-0001, United States. jacobson.robert@mayo.edu

Vaccine
|February 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Meta-analysis is a valuable tool for reviewing vaccine research. This study found it widely used for evaluating vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity, particularly for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Biostatistics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Meta-analysis has become a significant method for systematic literature reviews since 1988.
  • Its application in vaccinology has expanded considerably.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the landscape of meta-analyses in vaccinology.
  • To assess the primary focus and key characteristics of these reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic search for meta-analyses on human vaccines against infectious diseases.
  • Included studies from major databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database.
  • Analyzed 134 relevant meta-analyses.

Main Results:

  • Over 20% of meta-analyses focused on influenza vaccines; nearly 16% on pneumococcal vaccines.

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  • Approximately 80% evaluated vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity.
  • Key methodological aspects discussed include electronic searches, study heterogeneity, and quality assessment.

    • Conclusions:

    • Meta-analysis is a durable and useful technique in vaccinology, despite inherent limitations.
    • Observations highlight the importance of robust search strategies and critical appraisal of individual studies.
    • The Cochrane Collaboration's role and managing study heterogeneity are crucial considerations.