Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

26.4K
Overview
26.4K
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

14.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.4K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

209
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
209

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Probabilistic Modeling Analysis of the Longitudinal Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination Across Demographic Groups and Pulmonary Symptoms.

Spora : a journal of biomathematics·2026
Same author

Probabilistic Modeling of Antibody Kinetics Post Infection and Vaccination: A Markov Chain Approach.

ArXiv·2025
Same author

ACE-2-like enzymatic activity in COVID-19 convalescents with persistent pulmonary symptoms associated with immunoglobulin.

mBio·2025
Same author

Rhinovirus as a driver of airway T cell dynamics in children with treatment-refractory recurrent wheeze.

JCI insight·2025
Same author

Distinct type 1 immune networks underlie the severity of restrictive lung disease after COVID-19.

Nature immunology·2025
Same author

Rhinovirus as a Driver of Airway T-Cell Dynamics in Children with Severe Asthma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same journal

Corrigendum.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Comparative Efficacy of Biologic Agents for Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Tamoxifen-driven neutrophil reprogramming protects from pulmonary Granulibacter bethesdensis infection in chronic granulomatous disease.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Clinical and transcriptomic characterization of mixed granulocytic COPD phenotype.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Dupilumab outcomes in pediatric asthma by early eosinophil status: post hoc analysis of VOYAGE/EXCURSION.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Maternal antibiotic exposure alters the newborn metabolomic profile and increases the risk of respiratory infections in offspring: a 13-year longitudinal birth cohort study.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

12.4K

T-cell responses to allergens.

Judith A Woodfolk1

  • 1Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA. jaw4m@virginia.edu <jaw4m@virginia.edu>

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding human allergic responses involves studying allergen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Recent research reveals the molecular signature of long-lived memory T(H)2 cells, crucial for developing new T-cell therapies.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
10:25

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

6.5K
Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

4.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

12.4K
Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
10:25

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

6.5K
Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

4.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Allergic responses are mediated by CD4(+) T lymphocytes secreting T(H)2 cytokines.
  • Characterizing allergen-specific T cells in humans is difficult due to their low frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight advances in characterizing allergen-specific memory T(H)2 cells.
  • To discuss regulatory T cell heterogeneity and mechanisms.
  • To review T-cell epitope mapping for vaccine development and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular signatures of allergen-specific memory T(H)2 cells.
  • Investigation of regulatory T cell properties.
  • T-cell epitope mapping studies.

Main Results:

  • Insight into the molecular signature of long-lived human memory T(H)2 cells.
  • Understanding of factors influencing T-cell responses to allergens.
  • Identification of regulatory T cell heterogeneity and potential actions.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in characterizing allergen-specific T cells offer new avenues for T-cell-based therapies.
  • Epitope mapping is relevant for understanding allergen-specific T-cell responses and peptide vaccine development.