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Tuberculosis in travellers.

Victoria J Johnston¹, Alison D Grant

¹Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

|February 13, 2007

Summary

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International travel increases tuberculosis (TB) risk, especially for long-term travelers and healthcare workers. Pre-travel assessment and preventive strategies are crucial for mitigating TB infection and disease.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Infectious Diseases
Travel Medicine

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is rising globally, particularly in popular travel destinations.
Active TB development involves infection risk and host immune status.
Travelers, especially long-term visitors and healthcare workers, face elevated TB risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the risk of TB infection and disease in international travelers.
To review current TB prevention strategies for travelers.
To highlight the need for pre-travel risk assessment and tailored advice.

Main Methods:

Review of TB incidence data in popular travel destinations.
Analysis of TB infection and disease risk factors for travelers.

Related Experiment Videos

Evaluation of existing TB prevention recommendations for international travelers.

Main Results:

Holidaymakers have a low TB risk, but long-term travelers may face risks similar to local populations (0.5-2.5% annually).
Healthcare workers in high-incidence areas are at particularly high risk.
Current prevention strategies, including BCG vaccination and testing, vary and require optimization.

Conclusions:

Effective pre-travel advice must include risk assessment for TB infection and disease.
Preventive strategies like avoidance, BCG vaccination, and chemoprophylaxis should be considered based on individual risk.
Further research is needed on travel's contribution to TB incidence in industrialized nations.