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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
Published on: June 14, 2019
HPV vaccines: the beginning of the end for cervical cancer
Graham R Leggatt1, Ian H Frazer
1Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Abstract:
Vaccines prophylactic against infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) are based on alum adjuvanted virus-like particles. Two such vaccines have recently been shown to prevent persistent HPV infection and associated cervical cancer precursor lesions. The genotype-specific neutralising antibody directed at conformational epitopes of the L1 major capsid protein is likely to mediate protection. Vaccines therapeutic for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors in animal models, but are of limited efficacy in mice grafted with skin that expresses HPV antigens or in humans. This paradox has been partially resolved by data clarifying the immunoregulatory role of skin cytokines (e.g. transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10) and the consequences of antigen presentation by subsets of skin-associated antigen-presenting cells.
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