Protein tyrosine kinases in human brain and gliomas

Tyrosine kinase activity was determined in neonatal and adult human brain, oligodendrogliomas, and astrocytomas. The astrocytomas were divided into low- (grade I and grade II) and high-grade (grade III and grade IV) tumors. We measured the tyrosine kinase activity in the cytosolic and membrane fraction using poly(glutamic acid:tyrosine, 4:1) as an artificial substrate. The cytosolic activity in oligodendrogliomas (n = 7), low-grade astrocytomas (n = 7), and neonatal brain (n = 1) was increased, on average, two- to fourfold compared with that in normal adult brain (n = 14). The cytosolic activities of high-grade astrocytomas (n = 11) were in approximately the same range as found in normal adult brain. The absence of an increase in cytosolic activity in high-grade astrocytomas compared with adult brain is likely due to the occurrence of necrosis in these tumors. In contrast to the cytosolic activity, no differences were found in the membrane-bound activity. By fast protein liquid chromatography, at least three forms of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase could be separated, which eluted at 0, 115, and 210 mM NaCl. In most cases the highest amount of activity eluted at 210 mM NaCl. However, in oligodendrogliomas, high-grade astrocytomas, and neonatal brain, more activity eluted at 115 mM NaCl than in normal adult brain (p = 0.043). Nevertheless, protein tyrosine kinases from all three peaks contributed to the elevated levels of total cytosolic activity of oligodendrogliomas and low-grade astrocytomas.