[Cardiac lesion in systemic vasculites: manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Rheumatology
• Internal Medicine

Context:

• Systemic vasculitis (SV) encompasses a group of rare diseases characterized by inflammation of blood vessels.
• Cardiac involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SV.
• Understanding the spectrum of cardiac manifestations and diagnostic approaches is crucial for effective management.

Purpose:

• To review and synthesize current Russian and foreign literature on cardiac lesions in patients with various forms of systemic vasculitis.
• To evaluate the frequency and clinical features of cardiovascular involvement across different SV types.
• To discuss modern diagnostic techniques for identifying cardiac pathology in SV.

Summary:

• The article analyzes cardiac lesions in systemic vasculitis (SV), covering non-specific aortoarteritis, giant-cell arteritis, nodular polyarteritis, Kawasaki disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, eosinophilic vasculitis, and granulomatosis.
• It details coronary arterial, endocardial, myocardial, and pericardial involvement, alongside the role of arterial hypertension and clinical presentations.
• Modern diagnostic tools including echocardiography, myocardial scintigraphy, CT, and coronary angiography are discussed.

Impact:

• Provides a comprehensive overview of cardiac manifestations in systemic vasculitis, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and management.
• Highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate diagnostic strategies for improving patient prognosis.
• Contributes to the body of knowledge on cardiovascular complications in rare systemic inflammatory diseases.