In vitro evaluation of an axial flow pump: mock-pump interaction and an approach to control

Continuous flow pump support has emerged as an alternative therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. For long-term applications, it is important to have a control system that changes the pump function according to the physiological conditions of the patient, thereby preventing risk situations. In the early stages of development, the evaluation of control algorithms for artificial blood pumps can be done in vitro using cardiovascular mock systems. A systemic cardiovascular mock loop was constructed and an axial flow pump was connected to it. The level of pump assistance was estimated using a pulsatility index (IPAo) obtained from the aortic pressure wave. An IPAo proportional-integral control system was implemented and its responses to peripheral resistance and systemic compliance changes were evaluated. IPAo is an indicator of the assistance level of a continuous flow pump operated at constant speed. The IPAo control algorithm responds by increasing the pump speed when peripheral resistance or systemic compliance is reduced. Control system operation around an IPAo fixed value provides a safety point for pump operation by maintaining aortic pressure pulsatility and avoiding ventricular suction. In vitro experimental results show that the IPAo can be taken into consideration in multiobjective control algorithm designs.