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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Peptide immunotherapy for allergic diseases.

M Larché1

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Allergy
|February 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic peptide immunotherapy offers a safer alternative to traditional treatments for allergies. This approach reduces allergic side effects by using specific allergen fragments, showing promise in human clinical studies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Therapeutic Development

Background:

  • Specific allergen immunotherapy has been used for nearly a century.
  • Whole allergen preparations can cause significant allergic adverse events.
  • There is a need for safer and more effective immunotherapy options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of short synthetic peptides representing major T-cell epitopes for allergen immunotherapy.
  • To evaluate the potential of peptide immunotherapy to reduce allergenicity while maintaining efficacy.
  • To assess the translation of peptide immunotherapy from preclinical to clinical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of short synthetic peptides targeting key T-cell epitopes of allergens.
  • Assessment of the reduced capacity of these peptides to cross-link immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and activate mast cells and basophils.

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  • Translation of promising preclinical findings into human clinical trials.

    • Main Results:

    • Synthetic peptides demonstrate a markedly reduced capacity to induce allergic reactions.
    • Ease of manufacture and standardization are significant advantages.
    • Promising preclinical results have supported progression to human studies.

    Conclusions:

    • Peptide immunotherapy represents a promising, safer alternative to traditional allergen immunotherapy.
    • This approach has the potential to overcome the adverse event limitations of current treatments.
    • Peptide immunotherapy is under active development for allergic and autoimmune diseases.