Phospholipase Cbeta3 is distributed in both somatodendritic and axonal compartments and localized around perisynapse...

Phospholipase Cbeta3 (PLCbeta3) and PLCbeta4 are the two major isoforms in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), displaying reciprocal expression across the cerebellum. Here, we examined subcellular distribution of PLCbeta3 in the mouse cerebellum by producing specific antibody. PLCbeta3 was detected as a particulate pattern of immunostaining in various PC elements. Like PLCbeta4, PLCbeta3 was richly distributed in somatodendritic compartments, where it was colocalized with molecules constituting the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) signalling pathway, i.e. mGluR1alpha, G alpha q/G alpha 11 subunits of G q protein, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor IP3R1, Homer1, protein kinase C PKCgamma, and diacylglycerol lipase DAGLalpha. Unlike PLCbeta4, PLCbeta3 was also distributed at low to moderate levels in PC axons, which were intense for IP3R1 and PKCgamma, low for G alpha q/G alpha 11, and negative for mGluR1alpha, Homer1, and DAGLalpha. By immunoelectron microscopy, PLCbeta3 was preferentially localized around the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in spines, dendrites, and axons of PCs, and also accumulated at the perisynapse of parallel fibre-PC synapses. Consistent with the ultrastructural localization, PLCbeta3 was biochemically enriched in the microsomal and postsynaptic density fractions. These results suggest that PLCbeta3 plays a major role in mediating mGluR1-dependent synaptic transmission, plasticity, and integration in PLCbeta3-dominant PCs, through eliciting Ca2+ release, protein phosphorylation, and endocannabinoid production at local somatodendritic compartments. Because PLCbeta3 can be activated by G betagamma subunits liberated from Gi/o and Gs proteins as well, axonal PLCbeta3 seems to modulate the conduction of action potentials through mediating local Ca2+ release and protein phosphorylation upon activation of a variety of G protein-coupled receptors other than mGluR1.