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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique
07:17

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Acute spinal cord injury.

Ricardo Cortez1, Allan D Levi

  • 1Allan D. Levi, MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Lois Pope Life Center, 1095 Northwest 14th Terrace, D4-6, Miami, FL 33136, USA. alevi@med.miami.edu.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|February 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Early recognition and intensive care management are crucial for preventing complications in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Despite new treatments, many SCI survivors face severe disability, highlighting the need for standardized, evidence-based care.

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Published on: September 7, 2022

A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Trauma Care
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) presents significant challenges, leading to severe patient incapacitation and societal burden.
  • Current treatments offer limited recovery, with ongoing controversy regarding optimal management strategies and timing, particularly for surgical interventions.
  • Insufficient understanding of SCI pathophysiology contributes to treatment complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current diagnosis and management of acute spinal cord injuries.
  • To discuss emerging novel therapies for SCI treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of evidence-based guidelines in standardizing SCI care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on SCI diagnosis and management.
  • Discussion of emerging therapeutic strategies.
  • Analysis of established guidelines from neurosurgical associations.

Main Results:

  • Despite advancements, many SCI patients experience persistent severe disability and dependency.
  • Standardization of care is being promoted through new evidence-based guidelines.
  • Early recognition and intensive care are identified as key to reducing morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of acute spinal cord injury requires early recognition and specialized intensive care.
  • Evidence-based guidelines aim to standardize treatment protocols for SCI.
  • Further research into SCI pathophysiology is needed to improve therapeutic outcomes.