Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026
04:22
Removal of an Intravesical Gellhorn Pessary and Staged Repair of a Residual Large Vesico-Vaginal Fistula
Published on: April 14, 2026
[Uro- and enterovaginal fistulas].
Philip Egeland1, Jon Espen Gjøen, Jone Trovik
1Kvinneklinikken, Haukeland Universitetssjukehus, 5021 Bergen.
Summary
Gynecological fistulas in Norway are primarily enterovaginal, often caused by childbirth or surgery. Urovaginal fistulas are mostly surgical complications, with delayed diagnoses common for both types.
Area of Science:
- Gynecological surgery
- Fistula research
- Urogynecology
Context:
- Gynecological fistulas are a significant global health issue, often linked to inadequate obstetric care.
- The profile of these fistulas differs in industrialized nations compared to developing countries.
Purpose:
- To characterize gynecological fistulas in a Norwegian population.
- To analyze the causes, treatments, and outcomes of uro- and enterogenital fistulas.
Summary:
- The study analyzed 82 women with uro- and enterogenital fistulas between 1995-2005.
- Urogenital fistulas (19/21) were mainly postsurgical (16), while enterogenital fistulas (54/61) stemmed from childbirth (20) and surgery (17), with cancer and IBD as contributing factors.
- 40 patients were cured, primarily through surgery, with median diagnosis times of 7 weeks for urogenital and 15 weeks for enterogenital fistulas.
Impact:
- Highlights that obstetrical fistulas constitute one-third of vaginal fistulas treated, predominantly enterovaginal in this setting.
- Emphasizes surgery, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease as key causes of enterovaginal fistulas.
- Reveals that urovaginal fistulas, mainly postsurgical, represent a quarter of cases, and underscores the issue of delayed diagnosis for affected patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
01:20Disorders of the Urinary System
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
01:28Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
01:22Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...