Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026
Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Published on: March 31, 2021
[Experimental study on differentiation of adult marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells in
Objective:
To study the differenation of adult marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into vascular endothelial cells in vitro and to explore inducing conditions.
Methods:
MSCs were isolated from adult marrow mononuclear cells by attaching growth. MSCs were divided into 4 groups to induce: the cells seeded at a density of 5 x 10(3)/cm(2) in 2% and 15% FCS L-DMEM respectively (group 1 and group 2), at a density of 5 x 10(4)/cm2 in 2% and 15% FCS L-DMEM respectively (group 3 and group 4); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) supplemented with Bovine pituitary extract was used to induce the cell differentiation. The differentiated cells were identified by measuring surface marks (CD34, VEGFR-2, CD31 and vWF ) on the 14th day and 21st day and performed angiogenesis in vitro on the 21st day. The cell proliferation index (PI) of different inducing conditions were measured.
Results:
After induced in VEGF supplemented with Bovine pituitary extract, the cells of group 3 expressed the surface marks CD34, VEGFR-2, CD31 and vWF on the 14th day, the positive rates were 8.5%, 12.0%, 40.0% and 30.0% respectively, and on the 21st day the positive rates of CD34 and VEGFR-2 increased to 15.5% and 20.0%, while the other groups did not express these marks; the induced cells of group 3 showed low proliferating state (PI was 10.4%) and formed capillary-like structure in semisolid medium.
Conclusion:
Adult MSCs can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells after induced by VEGF and Bovine pituitary extract at high cell densities and low proliferating conditions, suggesting that adult MSCs will be ideal seed cells for the therapeutic neovascularization and tissue engineering.
Insights
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can become vascular endothelial cells. Optimal differentiation occurred with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bovine pituitary extract at high cell densities, suggesting MSCs for tissue engineering.
Area of Science:
- Stem Cell Biology
- Vascular Biology
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with regenerative potential.
- Vascular endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and are crucial for angiogenesis.
- Generating vascular endothelial cells from MSCs could advance regenerative medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differentiation of adult bone marrow MSCs into vascular endothelial cells in vitro.
- To identify optimal conditions for inducing this differentiation process.
Main Methods:
- MSCs were isolated and cultured.
- Cells were induced to differentiate using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bovine pituitary extract under varying cell densities and serum concentrations.
- Differentiation was assessed by surface marker expression (CD34, VEGFR-2, CD31, vWF) and in vitro angiogenesis assays.
Main Results:
- Group 3 cells (high density, low serum) expressed vascular endothelial cell markers (CD34, VEGFR-2, CD31, vWF) by day 14, with increased VEGFR-2 and CD34 expression by day 21.
- These induced cells exhibited low proliferation and formed capillary-like structures.
- Other experimental groups did not show significant differentiation.
Conclusions:
- Adult MSCs can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells under specific inducing conditions.
- High cell density and low proliferation conditions, combined with VEGF and bovine pituitary extract, are effective for MSC differentiation into vascular endothelial cells.
- Adult MSCs show promise as seed cells for therapeutic neovascularization and tissue engineering applications.
