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Selection for increased allocation to offspring number under environmental unpredictability.

A M Simons1

  • 1Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. asimons@ccs.carleton.ca

Journal of Evolutionary Biology
|February 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Increased offspring number offers a direct evolutionary advantage by enhancing parental fitness and achieving bethedging diversification strategies in unpredictable environments.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Life-history theory
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Life-history theory posits a trade-off between offspring size and number.
  • Current models primarily focus on offspring size, treating number as a consequence.
  • The direct evolutionary advantage of offspring number in unpredictable environments remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct evolutionary advantage of increased offspring number.
  • To explore the role of offspring number in diversification strategies under environmental unpredictability.
  • To determine if environmental uncertainty directly selects for higher offspring numbers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sampling theory to analyze bethedging diversification strategies.
  • Employed a simulation model to assess geometric mean fitness.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examined evolutionary pressures under variable environmental conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Sampling theory predicts more reliable bethedging with increased offspring number.
    • Simulation models demonstrate higher geometric mean fitness with greater offspring numbers in uncertain environments.
    • Environmental unpredictability directly favors increased offspring number.

    Conclusions:

    • Offspring number has a direct evolutionary advantage, not just as an outcome of trade-offs.
    • Environmental unpredictability selects for strategies that increase offspring number.
    • This finding highlights a previously unrecognized factor in parental fitness and diversification.