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Schema-based retrieval processes in young and older adults.

T M Hess1, D A Flannagan

  • 1Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University.

Journal of Gerontology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Older and younger adults

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Development
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Memory performance can vary significantly with age.
  • Retrieval cues and conceptual relationships influence recall.
  • Schema theory explains how prior knowledge structures information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in memory recall.
  • To examine the role of conceptual relationships and retrieval perspective on memory.
  • To determine if schema-based processing in memory retrieval is consistent across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving young and older adults.
  • Participants read a story from a specific perspective.
  • Recall was tested twice: first from the initial perspective, then from an alternative perspective.

Main Results:

  • Memory performance in both age groups correlated with the relevance of story information to the recall perspective.
  • The interaction between recall perspective and information relevance was similar for young and old adults.
  • Age did not significantly alter the reliance on schema-based relations for conceptually driven retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • Young and older adults exhibit similar reliance on schema-based relations for memory recall.
  • Conceptual relationships between information and retrieval perspective are crucial for memory performance across the lifespan.
  • Findings suggest age-independent mechanisms in conceptually driven memory retrieval.

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