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Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...

Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

Cor triatriatum and partial atrioventricular septal defect.

Chee W T Lim¹, William C L Yip, Swee Chye Quek

¹Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074 Singapore.

Pediatric Cardiology

|February 20, 2007

Summary

This case report details a rare combination of cor triatriatum and partial atrioventricular septal defect in a pediatric patient. This unusual congenital heart defect association requires careful consideration in diagnosis and management.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Cardiology
Congenital Heart Disease
Cardiac Anatomy

Background:

Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital heart anomaly where the left atrium is divided into two chambers by a membrane.
Partial atrioventricular septal defects are common congenital heart malformations involving defects in the atrioventricular septum.

Observation:

This report presents a unique case of a child with the co-occurrence of cor triatriatum and a partial atrioventricular septal defect.
The clinical presentation and diagnostic findings of this combined anomaly are described.

Findings:

The study highlights the unusual association of these two distinct congenital heart defects.
Diagnostic imaging and clinical evaluation revealed the specific anatomical abnormalities.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare congenital heart defect combinations.
Understanding such associations can improve diagnostic accuracy and guide therapeutic strategies in pediatric cardiac care.