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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
06:39

Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Published on: October 3, 2018

The myelodysplastic syndromes.

Mikkael A Sekeres1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. sekerem@ccf.org

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
|February 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) involve bone marrow stem cell issues leading to low blood counts. Current treatments like lenalidomide and hypomethylating agents show promise for MDS patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are bone marrow stem cell malignancies.
  • MDS shares pathogenetic overlap with acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and maturation arrest, ineffective hematopoiesis is exacerbated by inflammatory cytokines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).
  • To explore the role of cytokine abrogation in low-risk MDS.
  • To discuss novel agents and future treatment combinations for high-risk MDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and research on MDS treatments.
  • Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms including apoptosis and cytokine signaling.

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Identifying Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Populations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

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  • Evaluation of therapeutic agents like thalidomide, lenalidomide, 5-azacytidine, and decitabine.

    • Main Results:

    • Agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, 5-azacytidine, and decitabine demonstrate promising efficacy and tolerability.
    • Abrogation of inflammatory cytokines is a key research area for low-risk MDS.
    • In high-risk MDS, oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation are predominant.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel agents offer a promising springboard for future MDS treatment combinations.
    • Targeting cytokine pathways and genetic alterations are crucial for MDS therapy.
    • Continued research is vital for improving outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes.