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Oligosaccharides from milk.

Günther Boehm1, Bernd Stahl

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote infant gut health and immunity. While identical HMOs aren't available, alternatives like non-milk oligosaccharides and animal milk oligosaccharides show promise for infant health.

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Area of Science:

  • * Nutrition Science
  • * Immunology
  • * Microbiology

Background:

  • * Breast milk consumption in infants is linked to reduced infectious and allergic diseases.
  • * Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are crucial for developing infant intestinal flora and immune systems.
  • * HMOs possess prebiotic effects, inhibit pathogen adhesion, and interact with immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To explore alternatives to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) due to their complex structures.
  • * To investigate the potential of non-milk-derived and animal milk oligosaccharides as functional ingredients.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).
  • * Analysis of studies on non-milk-derived oligosaccharides (e.g., galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides).
  • * Examination of oligosaccharides found in animal milk, focusing on structural similarities and differences with HMOs.

Main Results:

  • * Non-milk-derived oligosaccharides, such as galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides, are effective prebiotics for infants.
  • * Animal milk oligosaccharides share structural features with HMOs, including sialic acids (e.g., N-acetylneuraminic acid).
  • * Despite similarities, the total amounts and specific structures of animal milk oligosaccharides differ from HMOs.

Conclusions:

  • * Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a vital role in infant health, but their complexity limits direct use.
  • * Non-milk-derived oligosaccharides offer a viable alternative with demonstrated prebiotic benefits.
  • * Animal milk oligosaccharides present a promising area for research, but further studies are required to confirm functional equivalence to HMOs.