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Related Concept Videos

Tagging and Fusion Proteins01:24

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication
16:38

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Published on: June 6, 2012

Path to bio-nano-information fusion.

Jia Ming Chen1, Chih-Ming Ho

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|February 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study explores the challenges of merging biotechnology, nanotechnology, and information technology. It uses the cell as a model system to advance this interdisciplinary field.

Area of Science:

  • Convergent science
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Information Technology

Background:

  • Biology operates at the nanometer scale, exhibiting unique matter behaviors.
  • The fusion of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and information technology presents novel research challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the challenges in the emerging convergent discipline of bio-nano-information fusion.
  • To introduce the nanometer-scale environment and its relevance to biological systems.
  • To present the cell as an ideal model system for this interdisciplinary fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to the nanometer-scale environment.
  • Description of the cell as a model system.
  • Exemplification of research efforts at the Institute of Cell Mimetic Space Exploration (CMISE).

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Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
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Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 3, 2012

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function
07:30

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Published on: December 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication
16:38

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Published on: June 6, 2012

Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
13:13

Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 3, 2012

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function
07:30

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Published on: December 7, 2019

Main Results:

  • Identification of key challenges at the intersection of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and information technology.
  • Understanding of biological matter behaviors at the nanometer scale.
  • Demonstration of a model system (the cell) for bio-nano-information fusion.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing the field of bio-nano-information fusion requires addressing specific challenges.
  • The cell provides a suitable platform for integrating these diverse scientific domains.
  • Ongoing research at CMISE exemplifies progress toward achieving bio-nano-information fusion goals.