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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
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Postmenopausal hormone therapy and changes in mammographic density.

Fränzel J B van Duijnhoven1, Petra H M Peeters, Ruth M L Warren

  • 1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|February 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hormone therapy (HT) use may increase breast cancer risk by slowing the natural decrease in mammographic density over time. This study investigated how HT affects breast density changes in women.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Hormone therapy (HT) is linked to increased breast cancer risk.
  • Mammographic density is a key breast cancer risk factor.
  • Understanding HT's impact on mammographic density is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on mammographic density.
  • To determine if HT influences the natural age-related decline in breast density.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mammograms from 795 HT users and 781 never-users across two European cohorts.
  • Computer-assisted assessment of mammographic density changes over a median of 3.0 years.
  • Linear regression models used to analyze density changes in relation to HT use.

Main Results:

  • Hormone therapy use, particularly combined estrogen and progestin, was associated with a significantly smaller decline in mammographic density (3.5%) compared to never users (7.3%).
  • The effect of HT on density was pronounced in a subset of women, while most showed minimal impact.
  • Estrogen therapy users showed a smaller decline (6.4%) than never users, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Hormone therapy use appears to slow the age-related transition of breast tissue from dense to fatty patterns.
  • This delay in density decline among HT users may contribute to the observed increased breast cancer risk.
  • Further research into cumulative exposure and density changes is warranted.