Interpretation of reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization mechanism by MALDI-TOF-MS

Several polystyrene polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene, using two different RAFT agent-initiator systems, and then further characterized by NMR and SEC as well as MALDI-TOF-MS techniques. The data indicate that most of the polymer chains are terminated by the active groups (Ph-C(=S)-S-) derived from RAFT agents, and few of the polymer chains bear initiator fragments at one end. Most importantly, the structures arising from the intermediate RAFT radicals and their cross-termination adducts were detected. Also, the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis shows that the combination termination between two macromolecular radicals is minor, and the amount of dead chains is quite low. Thus, narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained. This analysis confirms the operation of the Rizzardo mechanism including the Monteiro intermediate radical termination model for the RAFT polymerization.