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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
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The Psychopathy Q-sort: construct validity evidence in a nonclinical sample.

Katherine A Fowler1, Scott O Lilienfeld

  • 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, USA. kfowle2@emory.edu

Assessment
|February 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study validated the Psychopathy Q-Sort (PQS) using observer ratings in undergraduates. Results show the PQS effectively measures psychopathy, supporting its use in future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the validity of observer ratings for psychopathy assessment.
  • Observer ratings can provide a valuable perspective distinct from self-reports in psychological evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the validity of observer ratings using the Psychopathy Q-Sort (PQS).
  • To assess the associations between self- and observer-rated PQS scores and other psychological measures.
  • To determine the convergent and discriminant validity of the PQS in a nonclinical sample.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nonclinical sample of undergraduate students.
  • Administered self- and observer-ratings using the Psychopathy Q-Sort (PQS).
  • Correlated PQS ratings with established measures of psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and negative emotionality.

Main Results:

  • Self- and observer-prototype correlations generally supported the predicted patterns of convergent and discriminant validity for the PQS.
  • The PQS demonstrated good validity when rated by observers.
  • Findings suggest observer-rated psychopathy provides unique information beyond self-reports.

Conclusions:

  • The Psychopathy Q-Sort (PQS) is a valid instrument for observer ratings of psychopathy.
  • Future research should explore the incremental validity of peer-rated psychopathy.
  • Observer ratings of psychopathy offer valuable insights in psychological assessments.