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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

Negative Regulator Molecules

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Published on: April 16, 2021

ORC function in late G1: maintaining the license for DNA replication.

Lance F Da-Silva¹, Bernard P Duncker

¹Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

|February 23, 2007

Summary

The origin recognition complex (ORC) subunit Orc6 is crucial for maintaining DNA replication proteins (MCMs) at replication origins during late G1 phase. Its depletion disrupts MCM binding, leading to incomplete DNA replication and checkpoint activation.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is vital for initiating DNA replication by forming prereplicative complexes (pre-RCs).
Previous models suggested ORC becomes dispensable after origin licensing for DNA replication.
Budding yeast Orc6 is not essential for in vitro origin recognition or binding.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the ORC subunit Orc6 in maintaining DNA replication machinery.
To determine if Orc6 is required for MCM protein association and DNA replication in late G1 phase.
To elucidate the consequences of Orc6 depletion on origin function and cell cycle progression.

Main Methods:

Depletion of Orc6 in budding yeast.
Analysis of MCM protein association with replication origins.
Assessment of DNA replication completion.
Monitoring of the Rad53 checkpoint kinase activation.

Main Results:

Orc6 is required in late G1 for MCM maintenance and subsequent DNA replication.
Orc6 depletion causes MCM protein displacement from both early- and late-firing origins.
Incomplete DNA replication leads to Rad53 checkpoint kinase activation.
MCM loss may involve displacement of Mcm10 and/or Orc2 following Orc6 depletion.

Conclusions:

Orc6 plays an essential role in stabilizing MCM proteins at replication origins during late G1.
Orc6 is indispensable for ensuring complete DNA replication and preventing checkpoint activation.
The findings challenge previous models by highlighting ORC's continued importance post-licensing.